If you think patriarchy is only a man's doing, let me tell you about my nani.
I have a daughter. Every single beat of my heart is for her. That is the only lens through which I know how to tell this story.
My nani came from a good family. Her husband, my nanaji, was well-to-do and genuinely devoted to her. Ambassadors, TVs, gold, house help, the best clothes of the time. He kept her first in everything. By the standards of that era, she had a full life.
They had five daughters.
And she spent the rest of her life getting each one of them married off like it was the only task she had been put on earth to complete. I studied Victorian literature. I understand why women were bartered, why the system worked the way it did, why daughters were seen as liabilities in societies where they had no rights of their own. I understand the history of it. What I cannot understand, what I will never make peace with, is that the women who suffered most under that system were often the ones who carried it forward the hardest.
My mother is her second daughter. She got married at 24. Within months she was pregnant. Within that same stretch of time, her relationship with her in-laws had already fallen apart so badly that she attempted suicide. Twice.
And my nani never brought her home.
There was a point where my mother was staying with her parents. I asked her once, why did you go back? She never had an answer. I think the answer is that nobody encouraged her to stay. There was a brother, there was a sister-in-law, there would have been trouble. So she went back. And my nani let her.
I only learned the next part of this story when I had just given birth to my own daughter. I was 32. My mother would have been around 28 when it happened. She already had two daughters. When she got pregnant a third time, her mother-in-law decided the child would be aborted. My mother remembers lying on a bed, crying, knowing what was going to happen, unable to stop it.
Her mother-in-law went to my nani. Asked her to make it happen. My nani said she would not commit that sin. She had five daughters of her own. She would not be part of it.
And then she left it entirely in their hands and walked away.
She drew a line. And then did nothing with it.
I think about the blessing she used to give us when we visited. She would press money into our hands, five hundred rupees, and when we tried to refuse she would say, no, take it, bless us, you are daughters of this house, pray that we get more so we can give you more.
I used to find it strange. Now I find it devastating. What she should have been saying, what she never said, was: I bless you that you never have to depend on anyone the way your mothers did. But she never encouraged any of her daughters toward independence. She let them stay dependent on their husbands and in-laws no matter what those households looked like from the inside.
My mother raised two daughters on her own terms anyway. Made them independent anyway. Survived things I genuinely do not think I could have survived. I had my daughter at 32 in a stable home and I still felt the full weight of it. I cannot begin to imagine what my mother carried at 28, alone, in a house that did not want her children.
I don't have tidy feelings about my nani. She was not a cruel woman. But she was a woman who had every reason to know better and chose, every single time, the path of least disruption. Her daughters paid for that. Some of them are still paying.
This is the part that stays with me. Patriarchy does not only live in the men who enforce it. Sometimes it lives quietly in the mothers who never taught their daughters they were allowed to leave.