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Maoism in India appears to have run its course. What began as the violent uprising of Naxalism in Naxalbari, West Bengal, gradually morphed into a far more hardened and brutal anti-India movement. Over time, however, its limitations became increasingly clear.

Even many former Maoist cadres who have surrendered now acknowledge that the movement struggled to attract new recruits and failed to counter the firm, multi-pronged strategy adopted by the Modi government. More importantly, it lost sight of a basic reality — violence has little place in a country that is focused on growth and progress.

Internal fractures, a leadership vacuum, and an excessive reliance on violence only hastened its decline. In many ways, this moment reflects the larger victory of development and democratic processes over insurgency.