Hey everyone, this is my first coding project and I’ve made a clone of Duck Hunt. I’m looking for constructive feedback on how I can improve the code, especially in terms of structure, readability, and better practices.

I would appreciate any advice that helps me become a better developer.

Here’s my GitHub repo: https://github.com/Pranavnbhat/Duck\_Hunt\_pygame

Thanks in advance!

I made a wiki site for my multi-backend framework Nevu-ui

if you want check it, this is the link:
https://golembebrov.github.io/nevu-docs/

also nevu-ui github page:

https://github.com/GolemBebrov/nevu-ui

i will appreciate any feedback about wiki improvements :)

Here is what the collision looks like fast that slow
https://imgur.com/a/JNVEdUV

player = Block(500, 300, 20, 20, "blue")

surfaceList = [Block(500, 100, 60, 10, "orange"), 
Block(500, 110, 60, 30, "red"),
Block(500, 140, 60, 10, "orange")]

--- MAIN LOOP ---

# COLLISION
collision_target = None # Track which surface the player is colliding with

target = player.rect.collidelist(surfaceList)

if target != -1:
    collision_target = target

if collision_target == 1 and key[pygame.K_SPACE] == target:
player.color = "green"
else:
player.color = "blue"

# Draw
for i in surfaceList:
    i.drawSurface(screen)

So I am trying to get the collision to detect when spacebar is hit and it works somewhat but it still not detecting properly. How can i fix this issue

I'm trying to install Pygame, but I'm given this error message every time I try to. Is this a common error? How do I fix it?

Changelog: https://github.com/GolemBebrov/nevu-ui/releases/tag/v,

0.7.5

This update focuses on improving quality and shorten length of code! also improving performance

Please star my project, on github, i will really appreciate it!

Code of the program on the video:

import nevu_ui as nv #(0.7.5, tested on: python 3.14.2)
import pygame #(pygame-ce)
import sys
import pyray as rl
pygame.init()


GLOBAL_FONT = "tests/vk_font.ttf" # CHANGE IT!!! if you wnant to change font


def create_border(name):
    return nv.BorderConfig(name = name, font = nv.load_font(GLOBAL_FONT, 20))


class UI:
    def __init__(self, root, res):
        self.root = root
        self.generate_base_constants()
        self.create_menu_base(res)
        self.create_menu_left(res)
        self.create_menu_scr(res)
        self.create_menu_group(res)


    def generate_base_constants(self):
        self.widget_style = nv.default_style(border_radius=5, border_width=0, colortheme=nv.ColorThemeLibrary.dracula, font_name=GLOBAL_FONT)
             
        self.widget_style2 = self.widget_style(border_radius=15*2)
        
        self.widget_size_s = (100, 50)
        self.widget_size_m = (150, 50)
        self.widget_size_l = (200, 50)
        self.widget_size_x = (250, 75) 
        self.widget_size_xl = (300, 50)
        self.widget_size_xxl = (400, 50)
        
        self.widget_kwargs = {"size": self.widget_size_l, "style": self.widget_style, "single_instance": True}
        self.widget_kwargs2 = {"size": self.widget_size_m, "style": self.widget_style2, "single_instance": True}
    
    def _on_style_click(self, *args, **kwargs):
        colotheme = args[1]
        self.menu.apply_style_patch_to_layout(colortheme=colotheme) 
        self.menu_left.apply_style_patch_to_layout(colortheme=colotheme)
    
    def create_menu_base(self, res):
        nv.nevu_object_globals.modify(**self.widget_kwargs)
        with nv.widget_globals.modify_temp(size = self.widget_size_s, style = self.widget_style(font_size = 25), subtheme_role=nv.SubThemeRole.TERTIARY):
            self.x = nv.Label("X:NAN", self.widget_size_s, self.widget_style(font_size=25))
            self.y = nv.Label("Y:NAN", self.widget_size_s, self.widget_style(font_size=25))
        
        coords_lay = nv.StackColumn(
            content = [
                (nv.Align.CENTER, self.x),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, self.y)
            ])
        
        self.mode = nv.ElementSwitcher(elements = ["Tile","Script","Group"], on_content_change = self.root.on_change_mode)
        mode_layout = nv.StackColumn(
            content = [
                (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Mode:", self.widget_size_l, subtheme_role = nv.SubThemeRole.TERTIARY)),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, self.mode)
            ])
        
        with nv.widget_globals.modify_temp(subtheme_role = nv.SubThemeRole.PRIMARY, style = self.widget_style2, size=50, active_rect_factor=0.8): #type: ignore
            self.wall = nv.RectCheckBox(on_toggle = self.root.stub)
            is_wall_layout = nv.StackRow(
                content = [
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Wall:", self.widget_size_l)),
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, self.wall)
                ]
            )


            self.passable =  nv.RectCheckBox(on_toggle = self.root.stub, toggled=True)
            is_passable_layout = nv.StackRow(
                content = [
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Passable:", self.widget_size_l)),
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, self.passable)
                ]
            )


        tile_attrs_layout = nv.StackColumn(
            content = [
                (nv.Align.CENTER, is_wall_layout),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, is_passable_layout)
            ], borders = create_border(name = "Traits")
        )
        
        file_layout = nv.StackRow(
            content = [
                (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("TBD...", subtheme_role = nv.SubThemeRole.TERTIARY))
            ], borders = create_border(name = "Files")
        )
        
        left_panel_layout = nv.StackColumn(
            content = [
                (nv.Align.CENTER, tile_attrs_layout),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, file_layout)
            ]
        ) 
        white_line = nv.Widget((300, 3), self.widget_style(border_radius=5, border_width=0), single_instance = False,)
        with nv.widget_globals.modify_temp(**self.widget_kwargs2):
            scene_layout = nv.StackColumn(
                content = [
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Button(self.root.stub,"Save")),
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, white_line),
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Button(self.root.stub,"Load")),
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, white_line),
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Button(self.root.stub,"New")),
                ], borders = create_border(name = "Scene")
            )


            self.obj_lbl = nv.Label("Object", style=self.widget_style(border_radius=(0,15,15,0)))
            self.obj_btn = nv.Button(self.root.stub, "+", size=(50,50), style=self.widget_style(border_radius=(15,0,0,15)))
            pl_object_stack = nv.StackRow(
                content = [
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, self.obj_btn), (nv.Align.CENTER, self.obj_lbl)
                ], spacing = 2
            )
            
            self.door_lbl = nv.Label("+ Door", style=self.widget_style(border_radius=(0,15,15,0)))
            self.door_btn = nv.Button(self.root.stub, "+", size=(50,50), style=self.widget_style(border_radius=(15,0,0,15)))
            pl_door_stack = nv.StackRow(
                content = [
                    (nv.Align.CENTER, self.door_btn), (nv.Align.CENTER, self.door_lbl)
                ], spacing = 2
            )
            
            objects_layout = nv.StackColumn(
                content=[(nv.Align.CENTER, pl_object_stack),
                        (nv.Align.CENTER, pl_door_stack),
                ], borders = create_border(name = "Objects")
            )
        
        self.stylechk = nv.ElementSwitcher(self.widget_size_m, [["Material", nv.ColorThemeLibrary.material3_green], ["MaterialAlt", nv.ColorThemeLibrary.material3_dark],
                                                                ["Cat Dark", nv.ColorThemeLibrary.catppuccin_mocha], ["Cat Light", nv.ColorThemeLibrary.catppuccin_latte],
                                                                ["Box Dark", nv.ColorThemeLibrary.gruvbox_dark], ["Box Light", nv.ColorThemeLibrary.gruvbox_light],
                                                                ["Guthib", nv.ColorThemeLibrary.github_dark], ["Pastel", nv.ColorThemeLibrary.pastel_rose_light],
                                                                [1,nv.ColorThemeLibrary.dracula]
                                                                ], self.widget_style2, on_content_change = self._on_style_click)
        self.stylechklbl = nv.Label("Style:", self.widget_size_s, self.widget_style, subtheme_role = nv.SubThemeRole.TERTIARY)
        
        style_layout = nv.StackColumn(
            content = [
                (nv.Align.CENTER, self.stylechklbl),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, self.stylechk)
            ]
        )
        
        self.layer = nv.ElementSwitcher(self.widget_size_s, ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10"], self.widget_style2, on_content_change = self.root.stub)
        self.layerlbl = nv.Label("layer:", self.widget_size_s, self.widget_style, subtheme_role = nv.SubThemeRole.TERTIARY)
        
        layer_layout = nv.StackColumn(
            content = [
                (nv.Align.CENTER, self.layerlbl),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, self.layer)
            ]
        )
        self.layer.disactivate()
        self.layer.hide()
        self.layerlbl.hide()
        layer_style_layout = nv.StackColumn(
            content = [
                (nv.Align.CENTER, style_layout),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, layer_layout)
            ]
        )
        
        main_layout = nv.Grid([nv.fill%100, nv.fill%100], x = 6, y = 1,
                            content = {
                                (1, 1): coords_lay,
                                (2, 1): left_panel_layout,
                                (3.3, 1): scene_layout,
                                (4.33, 1): objects_layout,
                                (5.3, 1): layer_style_layout,
                                (5, 1): nv.Widget([5,nv.fill%100], nv.default_style(border_width=0)),
                                (6, 1): mode_layout
                            }, borders = create_border(name = "REDATOR"))
                            
        self.menu = nv.Menu(window, [res[0], 300], layout=main_layout, style=self.widget_style(border_radius=0, border_width=0,))
        self.menu.set_coordinates(0, res[1]-300) #pls dont watch at this bad code aaaaaaaahh
        
    def create_menu_scr(self, res):
        self.menuscr = nv.Menu(window, [400,300])
        self.menuscr.set_coordinates(res[0]-400, res[1]-600)
        
        self.scriptE = nv.Input(self.widget_size_xl, self.widget_style2, "Not selected", whitelist = nv.InputType.ALL_LETTERS+nv.InputType.ALL_SYMBOLS, on_change_function=self.root.stub) 
        self.scriptL = nv.Input(self.widget_size_xl, self.widget_style2, "Not selected", whitelist = nv.InputType.ALL_LETTERS+nv.InputType.ALL_SYMBOLS, on_change_function=self.root.stub) 
        
        enter_layout = nv.StackColumn(spacing = 5,
                                content = [(nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Enter:", [110,35], self.widget_style(border_radius=4, font_size=20))),
                                        (nv.Align.CENTER, self.scriptE)])
        exit_layout = nv.StackColumn(spacing = 5,
                                content = [(nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Exit:", [110,35], self.widget_style(border_radius=4, font_size=20))),
                                        (nv.Align.CENTER, self.scriptL)])
        
        script_layout = nv.ScrollableColumn([400,300], spacing = 12,
                                content = [(nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Script:", [nv.fill%60, 35], self.widget_style(font_size=20))),
                                        (nv.Align.CENTER, enter_layout),
                                        (nv.Align.CENTER, exit_layout)])
        
        self.menuscr.layout = script_layout
        
    def create_menu_group(self, res):
        self.menugroup = nv.Menu(window, [400,300], self.widget_style(colortheme=nv.ColorThemeLibrary.catppuccin_mocha))
        self.menugroup.set_coordinates(res[0]-400, res[1]-600)
        
        self.scr_name = nv.Input(self.widget_size_xxl, self.widget_style2(border_radius=0), "Not selected", whitelist = list(nv.InputType.ALL_LETTERS+nv.InputType.ALL_SYMBOLS), on_change_function=self.root.stub)
        self.groupE = nv.Input(self.widget_size_xl, self.widget_style2, "Entry", whitelist = list(nv.InputType.ALL_LETTERS+nv.InputType.ALL_SYMBOLS+" "+nv.InputType.NUMBERS), on_change_function=self.root.stub)
        self.groupL = nv.Input(self.widget_size_xl, self.widget_style2, "Exit", whitelist = list(nv.InputType.ALL_LETTERS+nv.InputType.ALL_SYMBOLS+" "+nv.InputType.NUMBERS), on_change_function=self.root.stub)
        self.groupC = nv.Input(self.widget_size_xl, self.widget_style2, "Inside", whitelist = list(nv.InputType.ALL_LETTERS+nv.InputType.ALL_SYMBOLS+" "+nv.InputType.NUMBERS), on_change_function=self.root.stub)


        name_lay = nv.StackColumn(
                            content = [(nv.Align.LEFT, nv.Label("Name(Important):", [200,35], self.widget_style(border_radius=(0,15,15,0), font_size=20))),
                                    (nv.Align.LEFT, self.scr_name)]
        )


        enter_lay = nv.StackColumn(spacing=5,
                            content = [(nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Entry:", [110,35], self.widget_style(border_radius=4, font_size=20))),
                                    (nv.Align.CENTER, self.groupE)])


        exit_lay = nv.StackColumn(spacing=5,
                            content = [(nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Exit:", [110,35], self.widget_style(border_radius=4, font_size=20))),
                                    (nv.Align.CENTER, self.groupL)])


        inside_lay = nv.StackColumn(spacing=5,
                            content = [(nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Inside:", [110,35], self.widget_style(border_radius=4, font_size=20))),
                                    (nv.Align.CENTER, self.groupC)])



        script_group_panel = nv.ScrollableColumn([100%nv.fill, 100%nv.fill], spacing = 5, id = "scr",
            content=[
                (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Script Group:", self.widget_size_xl, self.widget_style(font_size=20))),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, name_lay),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, enter_lay),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, exit_lay),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, inside_lay)
            ])
        
        self.menugroup.layout = script_group_panel
        
    def create_menu_left(self, res):
        self.menu_left = nv.Menu(window, [300,1080-300], style=self.widget_style2(border_radius=0, border_width=0))
        lay2 = nv.ScrollableColumn([300,1080-300],)
        with nv.widget_globals.modify_temp(subtheme_role = nv.SubThemeRole.PRIMARY, style = self.widget_style2()):
            self.name = nv.Input((250,50),None,"Name","Name",whitelist=list(nv.InputType.ALL_SYMBOLS+nv.InputType.NUMBERS),on_change_function=self.root.stub, single_instance=True)
            self.desc = nv.Input((250,50),None,"Description",on_change_function=self.root.stub, single_instance=True)
        lay2.add_item(self.name,nv.Align.CENTER)
        lay2.add_item(self.desc,nv.Align.CENTER)
        
        self.graphity = nv.RectCheckBox(35,self.widget_style2, on_toggle =self.root.stub, active_rect_factor=0.85)
        self.graphity_slider = nv.Slider((200,30),self.widget_style2(font_size=10), current_value = 50, start = 50, end = 100,)
        
        lay3 = nv.StackColumn(
            content=[
                (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.Label("Graphity mode:",(200,50),self.widget_style2, subtheme_role = nv.SubThemeRole.TERTIARY)),
                (nv.Align.CENTER, nv.StackColumn(content=[(nv.Align.CENTER, self.graphity_slider),(nv.Align.CENTER, self.graphity)]))
            ])
            
        lay2.add_item(lay3,nv.Align.CENTER)
        self.menu_left.layout = lay2
        nv.Widget()
        
    def draw(self):
        
        self.menu.draw()
        self.menu_left.draw()
        if self.root.mode =="Script": self.menuscr.draw()
        if self.root.mode =="Group": self.menugroup.draw()


    def update(self):
        self.menu.update()
        self.menu_left.update()
        if self.root.mode =="Script": self.menuscr.update()
        if self.root.mode =="Group": self.menugroup.update()



class App():
    def __init__(self,res):
        global window #Antipattern detected Ow<
        self.size = (res[0],res[1])
        window = nv.Window(self.size, resizable=True, backend=nv.Backend.Pygame) 
        self.window = window
        self.mode = "Tile"
        self.ui = UI(self,[res[0],res[1]])
        
        pygame.display.set_caption("Nevu UI Demo")


    def stub(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("Action triggered:", args, kwargs)


    def on_change_mode(self, val, id):
        self.mode = val
        print(f"Mode changed to: {self.mode}")
        
        if self.mode != "Group":
            self.ui.layer.disactivate()
            self.ui.layer.hide()
            self.ui.layerlbl.hide()
        else:
            self.ui.layer.activate()
            self.ui.layer.show()
            self.ui.layerlbl.show()
            
    def update(self):
        self.window.update(pygame.event.get(), 999999999) #no limitz
        self.ui.update()
        
    def draw(self):
        self.window.display.fill((20, 20, 25, 255))
        self.ui.draw()
        #window.draw_overlay() #to draw layout borders!! uOu
        
    def run(self):
        font = pygame.Font(GLOBAL_FONT, 20)
        draw_fps = True
        while True:
            window.begin_frame()
            self.update()
            self.draw()
            if draw_fps:
                if nv.nevu_state.window.is_dtype.raylib:
                    rl.draw_fps(0,0)
                else:
                    self.window.display.blit(font.render(f"FPS: {str(nv.time.fps)}", True, (255, 255, 255)), (10,10))
            window.end_frame()
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App((1900, 1080))
    app.run()

Available on itch.io last version is for free!🙌🏽

Made a graph module for plotting x and y values on graph

I made a program that can be used by people to demonstrate an equation on the graph.

https://github.com/Baibhab-047/Graphical-Design-For-an-equation

WE GOT PYDASH RECENT TAB BEFORE GTA 6!!!

I've implemented some polish: enemies can apply knockback to the player, arrows that are shot can embed themselves into walls/floor, some enemies run away when their health is low, and you can open up a map to see the level, there are also some new enemies.

I'm mainly working on polish at the moment :)

Hey r/pygame!

I've been a Python developer for years, I do everything with Python. My gamedev journey started with pygame back in 2016, and I've shipped several little games since then ( check some of them out on itch.io).

After exploring Godot, Unity, and Unreal, I kept hitting the same wall: I loved the visual editor workflow (hierarchy, scene view, inspector with components, one-click easy exports to mobile/web/PC), but I desperately wanted that experience in my favorite language and ecosystem.

So I built AxisPy.

AxisPy Logo

It's a fully Python-native 2D engine on top of pygame with:

• Visual Editor: Scene/hierarchy view, inspector with components, asset manager
• ECS Architecture: Modular game logic (entities, components, systems)
• AI Assistant: Built-in LLM integration that can write scripts, create entities, add components, and debug your game (supports OpenAI, Claude, Gemini, OpenRouter, even local LLMs). Just ask it to "add a light to the ball" and it does it.
• Export Targets: Web (pygbag), desktop (PyInstaller), with mobile in progress
• Python Scripting

Video Demo:

Recorded a quick demo of a Breakout clone I built in AxisPy:

• Walking through the entity hierarchy and scene view
• Playing the game
• Asking the AI Assistant to "add a light to the ball entity", it immediately attaches a Light component in the inspector

AxisPy Demo

Why I'm building this:

I'm not trying to compete with C++ engines on performance. I just love Python and pygame, I want to build games in a modern environment (like Unity/Godot) without leaving the Python ecosystem. That's it!

The engine isn't perfect yet, but the core is solid enough to ship PC and web games. If you've been wanting a Python-first engine with modern tooling, this might be for you.

Looking for:

• Testers: try it, break it, tell me what hurts
• Contributors: Its MIT licensed, feel free to make it better
• Feedback: on workflow, AI integration, missing features, etc

If you're a Python dev who's been eyeing modern engines but didn't want to leave pygame behind let's build this together.

Links

• AxisPy Github Repository
• AxisPy Documentation (in progress)
• AxisPy Releases

AGAIN: I am not trying to compete with Unity/Godot, this is about empowering Python devs to build games in the language they already love.

Would love your thoughts!

pretty janky but oh well

Made a point to project on basis of gravity in my module

Hello everyone, after about a week of development I am ready to share the first look at my roguelike.

It is planned to be a Traditional 2D Roguelike Dungeon Crawler, with focus on more RPG character progression than most other Roguelikes. Main inspiration to the character progression/spell system was Divinity: Original Sin 2.

The Build/Character progression will revolve around 3 pillars, levels, items, and spells. Leveling up will grant you stat and skill points, which can be spent to boost your stats, or to increase your level in a "spell school". Items will give you increased stats/armor/etc., and many will have special custom effects.

The core of the gameplay loop, and what provides build variety, is the spell system. There are 12 spell schools, each with spells of levels 1-4. You start the game with 2 spell school points, and a 1st level spell of each one of those schools of your choosing. Then, to unlock more spells, you will need to find Scrolls.

A Scroll has 2 ways in which you can use it. One, you can use it to cast the spell it is assigned ONCE. Two, you can, if your level in it's spell's school is high enough, unlock the spell permantly in your Spellbook. This allows you to cast it at the cost of mana.

The game is developed 100% in pygame, as I believe that pygame is a good enough engine for a good roguelike game to be made in.

Anyways, here is the first look at the gameplay tests: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UY6zTaBa32Q, feel free to ask any questions you may have!