r/conlang

Expanded Lord of the Rings Dwarf Language: Two Translations from "The Fellowship of the Ring" Moria Journey. Neo-Khuzdul. 10 22 2022.

By Mr. Larry Rogers Jr. of metro Detroit USA and Iloilo Philippines,

Independent Scholar of Linguistics and Conlangs for 20 Years,

BA Linguistics, Michigan State University, Class of 2009.

Copied here by me from the webpage version :

https://naviklingon.blogspot.com/2022/10/expanded-lord-of-rings-dwarf-language.html?view=flipcard&m=1

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From "The Fellowship of the Ring", "Emu Edition", 1965, 1967, page 405:

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405 The Mines of Moria were vast and intricate beyond the imagination of Gimli, Glo/in's son,

was he (( growth earth three-thirds ))

for Gimli son of Gloin

WHICH

vast they and intricate they Mines of Moria

THIF=A LOGAS 'AGUKH THOHAS LITIS

BU BIHAZ MISETH FAMUGH

NUTH

HA'_G=NAG SE MUZIN=NAG KHAZAD-DUM*

“Gimli” and “Gloin” are not their names in Khuzdul.  All dwarves have secret names.

which : SUBORD

three-thirds growth of the earth : beyond the imagination

The Zend-Avesta, part 1, page 15.

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dwarf of the mountain-race though he was.

though was he dwarf of mountain race

GHAD THIF=A KHUZD* ZIRAK*-FUGAKH

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To Gandalf the far-off memories of a journey long before were now of little help,

were they memories foggy

of journey very earlier

object (( clothes on body dead ))

for Gandalf

THIF=NAG ZAKHIH MOLEH

'ORIL HO GHU'ET

DUL (( HIR_M 'AI* LUHIR KH_REF ))

BU THARKUN*

Page 100.

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but even in the gloom and despite all windings of the road he knew whither he wished to go,

but

wished he WHICH go knew_whither he

and despite gloom

despite windings all of road

SOT

DASUN=A NUTH GUM TAGHIG=A

SE FIZ 'UZN*

FIZ GHAKHIB Z_KH NALA'*

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and he did not falter, as long as there was a path that led towards his goal.

and not falter he

as_long_as have

[ led path towards abouts goal his ]

abouts: relative clause

SE KHA  MITH_F=A

THOT BALUZ

[ KALUKH NALA'* THU ZAD 'O'OS=O ]

Note the head noun is inside the relative clause, which is typologically rare.

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1965, 1967, “The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring”, JRR Tolkein.  “Emu” edition.

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406 But without any light they would soon have come to grief.

but

(( lash passive they from winter ))

without light any

at soon

SOT

GETHATH _N NAG KHIS GHODAL

GH_KH SOGIS 'IGH

KHU  FIGHAL

Page 184.

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There were not only many roads to choose from,

not_only

(( birds of corpse-eating )) was it

[ abouts choose from roads many ]

KHITH

GHIHUT SAKOH-RETHEB THIF=NU

[ ZAD TATHAS KHIS NALA' DAN ]

Page 73.

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there were also in many places holes and pitfalls,

and dark wells beside the path in which their passing feet echoed.

also

(( birds of corpse-eating )) was it

holes and pitfalls and wells dark

[ echoed they feet passing in abouts ]

at path_side

at places many

Page 73.

KIB

GHIHUT SAKOH-RETHEB THIF=NU

LUGEGH SE TH_RIZ SE FEFIZ M_LOL

[ DAFATH=NAG  LOH_GH MEL_K KHO ZAD ]

KHU KO'IG

KHU HA'I' DAN

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There were fissures and chasms in the walls and floor,

(( birds of corpse-eating )) was it

object

[ splitting abouts walls and floor ]

fissures and chasms

GHIHUT SAKOH-RETHEB THIF=NU

DUL

[ HUMOB ZAD HEZAL SE SUGHUKH ]

KIKHOTH SE LOLEG

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and every now and then a crack would open right before their feet.

and

open frequentive it crack

before feet their

at (( dust of stars ))

SE

HUKH_' HUKH_' NU LEL_R

DETHIS ZAMUR=I

KHU (( 'UNIL THABIK ))

Page 87.

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The widest was more than seven feet across,

be_across widest_one

beyond feet 7

GENOH L_ZEH

L_ REHAN KHIKIK

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and it was long before Pippin could summon the courage to leap over the dreadful gap.

and

happen delay

before (( fiend-smite )) Pippin

for leap

at hole scary

SE

THUFUZ GHIDAK

DETHIS (( GOGH-RAKHIG )) SAKH_F

BU ZULIK

KHU KENEB  SE'IN

Page 127.

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The noise of churning water came up from far below,

noise_go_up

churning-water-sound

at under_place distant

FIB_M

BEBES_BEBES-THA'AZ-GUKHIGH

KHU DUZAD 'IGHUZ

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as if some great mill-wheel was turning in the depths.

turning like

great wheel of mill

at (( world of woe))

K_MEG K_MEG KUG

GABIL* TIKHIN TIKHIN MIROT

KHU (( NAG_L SUTIKH ))

Page 31.

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Rope! muttered Sam.

“Rope!” (( say uncleanly )) Sam.

TOHIZ (( G_TH ZODOGH )) 'EFUD

Page 132.

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I knew I'd want it, if I hadn't got it!

not have I it

if_then

perfect knew imperfect want I it

KHA 'ABUD THI  B_D

HUTH

N_ REBIL  TA NULIG THI B_D

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Posted 22nd October 2022 by Any Language at All

1974 Pakuni Language Words are Unrealistically Short, like Words of Most Constructed Languages; Other Irrealities Listed

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The Pakuni language has some design flaws and quirks shared by Klingon and many other invented languages (conlangs), from movies and home-made:

The words are too short. Despite movie invented languages being made often by people with PhD's in Linguistics ( = Language Science ), they tend to have words that are too short. Real languages have words with lengths proportionate to their phonology ( phonetic alphabet letter number and frequency, consonant cluster number and frequency, syllable structure, etc. ) \[ jargon: phonemic inventory, number of syllable tones, usw. \].

Pakuni language is an example of this.

Klingon is an example of this.

I forget if JRR Tolkien Elvish aka Quenya is or Na'vi is but Elvish probably is an example of this.

2001 Marc Okrand Atlantean is an example of this.

David Peterson's conlangs (invented languages) are all like this.

Pakuni could be excused if it was limited for topics discussable. But that does not seem so.

This is a phenomena which occurs because language inventors may even have PhD's but lack really vast experience with many languages or a thorough study of this crucial feature of real languages.

Does this ruin invented languages for study? Yes. Invented languages all lack many things which real languages have and are accessible to language scientists. They also often mix and present grammar things from many different languages in a form more appealing and affordable and accessible than real languages. They are like toy languages or scientific experiment languages or archtype languages.

Their fiction is highly mechanical and nebulous compared to any other fiction of movies or TV. But they most resemble special effects, like huge robot dinosaurs or chemical reactions.

Real languages are actually mostly not regular human creations but an extension of human brain anatomy, mostly created and entirely stored and retrieved by the very real human subconcious mind or some part of it.

Famous movie language inventor David Peterson has speculated that humans subconsciously recognize true and structured invented languages from actual gibberish presented as a foreign language. This may be true but it's unprovable and not necessary to justify invented languages in movies.

I actually am a rare expert on conlangs in movies (invented languages) especially, and also conlangs otherwise. I don't entirely advocate for conlangs in movies because it's hassle for the actors on a number of different levels. Notably, all actors want screen time speaking English and connecting with their audience and fellow movie-makers.

Yet it's also a gigantic world of amazing and cutting-edge science which the movie connects with. But also stereotypes and problematic additional symbolism. "Does the invented language sound like Arabic? What message does that send to Middle Eastern American children?" Actors already put up with a lot being covered in Star Trek alien prosthetics plastic and make-up or interacting with Green Screen environments and filming scene sequence / movie scene sequence mismatch.

Movies wanting a foreign language sometimes instead use audio gibberish or bring in a real language to fool audiences or because that is the intended language. Most people obviously don't notice or care, so what's the point? Movies are tremendously expensive already but also have many other limits and priorities.

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Other things invented languages usually lack that real languages have:

Interesting words.

Large translated texts. Real languages from throughout time have all sorts of interesting word meanings which invented languages never have because language inventors are ignorant of such things.

Vastly complex alphabetic writing systems and hieroglyphic aka logographic writing systems.

Few invented languages are sign languages.

Many grammatical and etymological complexities.

Often invented languages vastly simplify grammatical paradigms.

Realistic idiomatic phenomena.

Much for approximation of modern or historic foreign cultures ( manners and mindsets).

( Languages are more than mechanics and interface with Anthropology which is an academic discipline or subject totally different from Linguistics aka Language Science, which almost exclusively discusses mere mechanics understood best via vast comparative study. )

Cultural strengths and baggages and stigmas.

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Should language inventors take pains to approximate real-world word length?

Actually, I recommend instead for professional and hobbyist language inventors, conlangers, increased priorities for private Linguistics and exotic languages and Anthropology study as well as attention to these other above invented language lackings. I also have many substantial criticisms of how all modern conlangers go about their hobby, many of which are presented in this article or post reply.

Movie conlangs also probably are pressured to fit into time frames that seem reasonable to English-speaking movie makers. What if a real language, or more realistic language, would have needed more time?

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Languages like Filipino and Tamil and Massachusett have similar phonologies to Pakuni yet have among the largest words on earth. You can't have few alphabet letters and no consonant clusters without gigantic words. Not with vocabulary sizes matching languages knowable from 2,500 BC through today. But what were the very first languages like, maybe from 100,000 BC? Fewer words or longer words.

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Examine 1974 Pakuni language words here, invented by famous UCLA Linguistics Professor Victoria Fromkin:

31

Quick Dictionaries for Pakuni Language

https://naviklingon.blogspot.com/2018/09/quick-pakuni-language-dictionary.html?view=flipcard

52

Pakuni Grammars based on Fromkin 1974, 1995, and One of Expansions by Me

https://naviklingon.blogspot.com/2018/11/pakuni-grammar-with-expansion-by-me.html?view=flipcard

For all Pakuni language webpages by me, see my websites homepage :

"Any Language at All" and "Navi Dothraki" :

Blog / Website Link:

http://anylanguageatall411.blogspot.com/2015/04/guide-to-any-language-at-all-website.html?view=flipcard

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I might edit this for posting on R/Conlangs but they remove a lot of my posts for not following guidelines and I worry they ll block me. Also, other things.

You know, rare BA Linguistics and 20 years' expertise in conlangs, I should get the red carpet. If I don't, what does that say?

I like it here where my posts are approved. People got to put in some effort to find my free online writings.

"People get what they put in", it's a Cosmic rule.

10 years now, the largest relevant Facebook Groups give me VIP treatment. I only ask what's reasonable, though. You know, most professional Linguists despise and totally avoid conlangs ( without sufficient justification? ). It's true that they are not Natural Languages.

My Major Conlangs of 20 Years: Pictures of Their Binders

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I am a slightly-famous independent scholar of 20 years of:

Language Science then Archaeology then Anthropology then Art History.

I have a BA Language Science degree from Michigan State University from 2009 with much or some coursework in the rest of these. I have spent 20 years also studying these academic disciplines on my own and doing private research into them and also mostly historic foreign languages, especially the 50 hieroglyphic aka logograpgic writing system -using languages and the 20 ancient languages of the Bible.

I also can read very fluently and understand spoken all Germanic and Romance languages and read somewhat Chinese, Japanese, Classical Chinese, Ancient and Modern Greek, Ancient Hebrew, and Egyptian Hieroglyphic. I can somewhat speak German and used to be able to speak French in college. My North Germanic languages aren't as fluent as the others. You could too if you tried but it does take lots of time but not all as much as you would think. I am a very rare polyglot and also a certain rare type that specializes in historic foreign languages.

( I also have or had vast digital document storage going back to 2006 when I began conlanging. )

( I hope to organize better and get free online all these documents. I doubt that I will ever try to publish my conlangs as there's more important things that I would like to try to publish and probably will not be able to get published. )

WORK BY ME ON FAMOUS MOVIE CONLANGS: MAJOR AND MINOR PROJECTS

I not only deciphered these famous movie and TV conlangs, I also have completed vast translations into them:

2001 Marc Okrand Atlantean language

from the movie Atlantis: The Lost Empire.

First deciphered in 2006, by me.

1974 Victoria Fromkin Pakuni language

from the TV show Land of the Lost.

First deciphered in 2014, by me.

2012 Paul Frommer Barsoomian langusge

from the movie John Carter of Mars.

First deciphered in 2013, by me.

I did not make extensive translations in this language.

( I also have made the world's largest interlinear-glossed translation collection into Klingon. )

I put the decipherments and translations on my website. To find webpages by me on different languages, search this homepage until you find groups of them. They took down my complete interlinear gloss of the 2010 Avatar movie lines:

"Any Language at All" and "Navi Dothraki" :

Blog / Website Link:

http://anylanguageatall411.blogspot.com/2015/04/guide-to-any-language-at-all-website.html?view=flipcard

( The past 20 years, some conlangers have given me lots of hassle because many conlangers hate movie and TV conlangs because they are feverishly jealous of their popularity. Conlangers are an online community of about 5,000 people mostly from the USA and Europe who spend years or sometimes decades making their own language for online sharing and or private enjoyment. AKA Constructed language creators, aka language inventors.

20 years. )

I am actually a top scholar and historian of conlangs and a top conlanger.

I also run one of the largest online conlanging communities:

Conlangs and Linguitics, Constructed Languages Poetry

1.5K Members

https://www.facebook.com/groups/conlangsforfree/

The past 10 years, I am also the world's most prolific poster about many different historic foreign languages in facebook groups though there's only about 5 other people. People also ask me (3 a month) to recommend a few books to help them study whatever historic foreign language and I tell them and give them some brief advice and encouagement. About 10 people have kept writing me every few months over some years and I write them back. Global interest in historic foreign languages is overall quite low yet enough to publish some somewhat- popular books on Latin each year.

[[ From a recent Reddit and Facebook post by me: ]]

<< I could also list conlangs and pseudo conlangs and conscripts and pseudo conscripts from movies and TV which I have discovered and documented. Probably nobody else has ever documented more of them, going back to the 1930s King Kong movie and 1910s Tarzan and other Edgar Rice Burroughs books.

CONLANGS ENTIRELY BY ME

I otherwise have about 10 conlangs which I have done much work on, translating into and expanding or creating. The above famous movie or TV conlangs and then also some conlangs I entirely made myself:

An African-American-themed conlang probably based on West African languages, especially the 1960s Mande language of the Epic of Son-Jara about the medieval empire of Timbuktu.

An Ancient African conlang mixing Bantu and maybe all Niger-Congo languages.

An Ancient SE Asia conlang mixing those languages.

An Ancient Turkic conlang mixing those languages.

An Ancient Slavic conlang mixing those languages.

A Star Trek Ferengi language made by me.

A Star Trek Vulcan language made by me.

( Not to be confused with 1980s Mark Gardner Vulcan, literally the best conlang ever made.)

Maybe a couple others I forgot.

I might get these all on my website later this year but within 5 years would be easier on me as I've been focused on conlangs since January and I usually only focus on them 1 month every 2 years, researching real languages in-depth the rest of the time.

CONLANG WORK INVOLVING NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGES

My extensive translation work in 1600s Massachusett language and other languages involves vast grammatical paradigm simplifications and much new word invention which is, and resembles, conlang phenomena.

All that isn't as much work as it sounds like.

&gt;>

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Why did I do all this?

Nobody I knew growing up knew a lot of languages.

I got into it and decided to stick with it to help other people.

Sometimes people see me online as bragging but that's totally wrong. I tell people to promote science and my own research and also to give people free help studying historic foreign languages, history, and archaeology.

Are professors bragging? Am I not allowed a hobby of scientific reading and research?

It's very rare to know much AND be brave online AND have international social skills online.

I'm also not so worried to gain the favor of the intellectual elite. I teach all the people.

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I put a Kwanzaa book atop the binders because I run the largest Free Lessons in Egyptian Hieroglyphic facebook group and part of its audience are Black Americans into their Roots. Plus I'm from metro Detroit and it's got a lot of Black Americans and a top Black American and African history museum. Middle Eastern peoples and Middle Eastern Americans are also sometimes interested in these languages. I'm not Black and my wife's not Black but we got a rich Nigerian cousin-in-law and some of my best friends are Black Americans. I call him The Nigerian Prince for a joke, because the past 10 years I'm so into internet hobbying.

I never been to Africa. But maybe nobody ever read as many different historic foreign language writings in 20 years and my heart flies everywhere.

Michigan State University Linguistics Professor Grover Hudson of Texas taught in Ethiopia in East Africa with the Peace Corps after undergrad before he got his UCLA PhD Linguistics, aka Language Science. He told me about it in the one-on-one class he gave me on Linguistics and Classical Ethiopic, Fall 2007. It was very Tuesdays with Morrie.

My amateur research is mostly E SE Asia -focused, though, because they have the most and hardest historic foreign language writing systems. I have totally gotten into African and African-American history, though.

Ancient Egypt was very African but especially East and Northeast African and notably Ancient. Ancient Egypt is also ancestral to the world and among the three earliest- and largest- civilizations toether with Babylon aka Iraq and India / Pakistan. The first two have giant surviving bodies of writings though the third dwarfed the other two by land area. The Indus Valley Civilization probably had vast writings that almost all decayed due to being written on leaves in a non-desert climate.

Life's like that. Some idiots at some point didn't think the world's greatest treasures were worth encouraging or preserving. Oppose such idiots and teach them the errors and destruction of their ways. Without opposition, throughout time, idiots would destroy everything. There must be punishment and example made of them.

9,000 years of a first civilization and nobody thought to carve anything into the side if a mountain, though Egypt and Babylon did. People are stupid and evil. Most historic writings are lies. The truth is far between the lines. The truth is important.

I Own the Only Copy of the 12 Scripts of Team Atlantis TV Show Etc

( I bought them in about January from Disney historian Tim Van Hal of Genk Belgium who said maybe no other copy of them existed. He got them from Producer Chuck Stone. I notably have a copy of the Gargoyles crossover episode script.)

Subtitle: Studying Marc Okrand Atlantean and David Peterson Yulish aka Elvish since January

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I have been studying these invented languages since January.

I bought 12 or so scripts last January for the cancelled 2001 TV show "Team Atlantis", intended as a sequel to the 2001 movie "Atlantis: The Lost Empire". With it was a memo from Marc Okrand which is like a far lesser version of his unpublished dictionary and grammar of Okrand Atlantean. He told me about 2022 that this dictionary is lost in his storage.

I hope to put online notes on these documents and then donate them to UCLA library or such, so anyone can view them who can travel to Los Angeles.

Okrand Atlantean is grammatically like Latin but with postpositions and agglutinative.

1/3 of the Okrand Atlantean words cannot be deciphered as we were never given their English translation and the words are indirectly based on Proto Indo European roots.

Years ago, I gave it a logographic writing system using Hittite Hieroglyphs with mechanics to match.

And then the past month I am taking a haitus from that to decipher and put on my website the 2018 and 2020 Yulish language by David Peterson from the two Christmas Chronicles movies.

Yulish is like Finno-Ugric languages.

I also recently made a logographic writing system for it using Ancient Vietnamese Chinese writing, called Chu Nom. Because it interested me, not for some conceptual fit or goal.

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Feel free to private message me on Facebook if you want to talk about it:

Larry Rogers of Port Huron Michigan USA

https://m.facebook.com/hieroglyphs/

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Cesar Maidana, here as Sir Davos Seaworth, told me about the sale posted on the facebook group Atlantis The Lost Empireposting back in October. So big thanks to him.

1974 Pakuni Language Word for Dicynodont Dinosaur

(New Pakuni word made by me in 2018, Neo-Pakuni language.)

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Here's part of a webpage by me from Nov 14 2018 where I present new Pakuni language words for dinosaurs made by me in imitation of the original Pakuni language words made by UCLA Linguistics Professor Victoria Fromkin:

57

New Dinosaur and Stone Age Tool Words for Pakuni Language:

With Modern Art and Stone Age Art

https://naviklingon.blogspot.com/2018/11/pakuni-dinosaur-and-tool-words.html?view=flipcard

im working on a new conlang, it uses trees and weather to speak in different ways. i was inspired by tsevhu. this is just the artistic/ancient way to write it, but im currently working on a short script version, romanized version, and a dictionary.

The full post is here, with many more images :

https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story\_fbid=2250245208456576&id=466389183508863.

The idea is probably that the two canonical Yulish words have been randomly paired by Excel s Random Number function and are to be combined to create a new or Neo-Yulish word. This word has also been mostly randomly assigned a hieroglyph to be used as a determinative and or logogram or "partial logogram" * in the spelling.

The words are from Jerry Norman s Classical Manchu Lexicon, maybe his Concise version. Check post image.

* Concept I just invented, refers to rarer logographic signs used to spell CV or C-C parts of orthographic words. The scientist invents and describes; the toymaker plays.

I'm a Very Rare Expert in 10 to 20 Historic Foreign Languages (Elamite, Wampanoag, Tangut); List of Them and My 10 Major Conlangs; 2004 to 2026

I'm a Very Rare Expert in 10 to 20 Historic Foreign Languages (Elamite, Wampanoag, Tangut); List of Them and My 10 Major Conlangs; 2004 to 2026

( I wrote this as a careening reply to a recent post I did to R/Conlangs advertising the second annual Conlang Adventures 2026 free online conference by Captain William Morton of Los Angeles and The Polyglots of Los Angeles club. )

Here is Will Morton's April 9 post to my conlangs facebook group, one of the oldest and largest, founded 2014 :

"Conlangs and Linguistics, Constructed Languages, Invented Language Poetry"

1.5k members

https://www.facebook.com/groups/conlangsforfree/permalink/3677701569044259/

On it I notably regularly promote and extoll the movie conlangs of Professors David Peterson and Jessie Peterson, their LangTime Studio YouTube channel, and their conlangs' wiki. I met him briefly on Facebook once around 2014 and saw his presentation at Conlang Adventure 2025 and he answered several of my questions and sounded impressed at them. His books talk about the 1974 UCLA Professor Victoria Fromkin Pakuni language and 2001 Professor Marc Okrand Atlantean language which I was the first to decipher in 2006 and 2014. They are fromthe 1974 TV show Land of the Lost and 2001 movie Atlantis: The Lost Empire. I put these decipherments and extensive new translations by me on my website.

I am the world's top expert in these languages though I wish I was 1 of 5 or 1 of 50 like I am for so many important yet less-popular historic foreign languages like:

( I am 1 of 5 experts worldwide in each of these: ) ( I am Larry Rogers Jr from metro Detroit Michigan and Iloilo Philippines and got a rare BA Linguistics from Michigan State University from 2009 and studied one-on-one under Grover Hudson who studied under Wolf Bender at UCLA. Grover took me as a guest to the 10 person academic conference NACAL 2008 (North American Conference on Afro-Asiatic Linguistics) in Chicago and we met Barack Obama briefly, also a guest. Gabor Takacs was there and we talked a bit.)

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1000s to 1500s AD Tangut from North China, the 2nd most important historic language of E SE Asia, with the world's hardest writing system,

(Academic literature mostly in Modern Chinese, which I read and understand spoken.)

1500s BC Elamite, the oldest written language of Iran,

1500s BC Hattic, the oldest written language of Turkey aka Turkiye,

(Academic literature entirely in German, which I read extremely fluently.)

The 3 most important historic foreign languages from the USA and Canada. I am the only living expert in all 3 and 1 of 5 for each:

1. 1600s Massachusett aka Wampanoag

2. 1600s Huron aka Wendat

from near Toronto Canada

3. 1500s Timucua from Florida,

800s to 1200s AD Old Khmer from Camodia and Inland SE Asia,

300s BC Meroitic Language from The Sudan.

And some of the 20 ancient languages of the Bible have very few experts and they re mostly overseas monks and priests and maybe nuns. Like Armenian, Georgian, 1500s Albanian.

1200s BC OBS and BZS Chinese, the oldest written Chinese languages, have maybe 100 to 200 experts worldwide but very few in the West. So honorable mention.

(Academic literature mostly in Modern Chinese, which I read and understand spoken.)

I have studied almost all 200 historic foreign languages but many I can t say I m exactly an expert of many of them. But many with sizeable writings. Like not Early Modern Thai language. I ve done little with Slavic languages in my life, though that's ironic. It's frankly easy to be an expert in a Small Corpus Ancient Language like Venetic from Slovenia by Italy, because it has very few inscriptions (about 50) and they are very short. None of the above languages have so few texts but some comparatively have maybe 1,000 texts of not much robustness (Meroitic especially; Old Khmer, OBS and BZS Chinese, Elamite, Hattic).

@@@ LIST OVER, APPLAUD @@@

I'm otherwise a rare expert in certain historic foreign languages with maybe 500 other experts worldwide. Notably Egyptian Hieroglyphic aka Middle Egyptian. I won't bother with a partial listing of these here unless requested.

I could also list conlangs and pseudo conlangs and conscripts and pseudo conscripts from movies and TV which I have discovered and documented. Probably nobody else has ever documented more of them, going back to the 1930s King Kong movie and 1910s Tarzan and other Edgar Rice Burroughs books.

Some years ago, I made the world's largest interlinear glossed translation into Klingon and got it on my website.

I otherwise have about 10 conlangs which I have done much work on, translating into and expanding or creating. The above famous movie or TV conlangs and then also some conlangs I entirely made myself:

An African-American-themed conlang probably based on West African languages, especially the 1960s Mande language of the Epic of Son-Jara about the medieval empire of Timbuktu.

An Ancient African conlang mixing Bantu and maybe all Niger-Congo languages.

An Ancient SE Asia conlang mixing those languages.

An Ancient Turkic conlang mixing those languages.

An Ancient Slavic conlang mixing those languages.

Maybe a couple others I forgot.

I might get these all on my website later this year but within 5 years would be easier on me as I've been focused on conlangs since January and I usually only focus on them 1 month every 2 years, researching real languages in-depth the rest of the time.

My extensive translation work in 1600s Massachusett language and other languages involves vast grammatical paradigm simplifications and much new word invention which is, and resembles, conlang phenomena.

All that isn't as much work as it sounds like.

It all is somewhat time consuming and very painful when I've learned to read so many languages (just 20) and to work with so many more (200 and 100) and then people are mean to me online or offline. I was also a north California forest firefighter in college but people don't generally treat me like a hero for all that. Shrug. Maybe I need a hat. Actually, I don't like to remember or talk about it so much. 

Skilled experts in obscure foreign languages are very rare worldwide because stuff like cooking and music are much more popular rival hobbies and professions. The world actually sorely needs many more such experts. Contact me for lots of free help becoming one. It's fun. You don't have to learn to read French and German if you don't want but it really helps. ( I mostly work in agriculture.)

I also was in the Summer 2001 Blue Lake Fine Arts Camp Europe-touring choir, Germany and Belgium and France. Later in like 2003, I scored in the top 2% of the USA for Written English on the ACT Midwest USA college entrance exam.

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Does this reply go too off-topic with the natlangs? I'm a notable guest at this 100 person online conference and this is the core of my natlang and conlang study and background.

I can re-write this reply.

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But actually my top 2 specialties as an independent scholar are:

1. The world's 50 hieroglyphic aka logographic writings systems, like those of Egyptian, Chinese, Mexican, and Babylonian. I'm very pioneering in the comparative scientific study.

2. The 20 ancient languages of the Bible. I have advanced research experience with these languages, some more than others.

1974 Pakuni Language: "Friend" and Some Other Words, Link to Official Dictionaries

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Here in the images is "friend" and some other words from official dictionaries of the 1974 UCLA Professor Victoria Fromkin Pakuni language from the "Land of the Lost" kids TV show.

I am the world's top expert in this language since 2018. Feel free to write me on facebook. Few people write me so you'll get a quick response:

https://www.facebook.com/hieroglyphs/

31

Quick Dictionaries for Pakuni Language

https://naviklingon.blogspot.com/2018/09/quick-pakuni-language-dictionary.html?view=flipcard

59

Pictures for Dictionaries of Pakuni

https://naviklingon.blogspot.com/2018/11/pictures-for-dictionaries-of-pakuni.html?view=flipcard

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friend amura

friends amurani

Paku paku

Pakuni pakuni

[ A paku is a "caveman", some sort of hominid from prehistory 3 million BC to about 100k BC. So they are a type of human, one could say, because they make and use non-animal tools. ]

wug iwaga*

wugs iwagani*

Etymology:

This word is maybe based on Italian amora "love". A- noun prefix means human. 1974 Pakuni language words are usually from the Akan language of West Africa and languages closely related to it.

Quick History of Pakuni Language Decipherment Efforts 1974 to 2026

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Here's a lot more on the Pakuni language and some others like The Lord of the Rings languages. I will enclose the decipherment history part between two lines of parentheses:

(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))

( Images from Season 3 episode "Hot Air Artist". )

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COMMENT BY AN INVENTED LANGUAGE POET:

Some comments.

1. Dicynodonts are not dinosaurs, they're synapsids. Entirely different branch of the tree: mammals are all synapsids, reptiles and birds aren't.

2. There's a snipping tool that comes packaged with all modern windows OS that makes for much more legible images than just taking multiple screenshots of a page with your phone. Alternatively, google slides works fine, even if the app is a pain in the ass.

3. Ease up on the links: if the focus of this post is "I made a name for a cool synapsid", focus on the cool synapsids - you can just leave a single link to your blog / to a relevant post at the end, and maybe spend the space on names for some other cool synapsids - what's a gorgonopsid called?

4. Why are there random numbers scattered through this post? I presume they have some meaning to you, but they don't mean anything to anyone reading them.

5. It'd definitely help everyone if you used \\\[intralinear glossing\\\](https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php) - like the IPA, it makes it a lot easier for readers to know exactly what you're talking about. Wikipedia has a huge \\\[list of abbreviations\\\](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\\\\\\\_of\\\\\\\_glossing\\\\\\\_abbreviations)

If this was written as

"Ino eguga meni koga sawosi."

day this 1p FUT.kill dicynodont(taboo)

"Today, we will hunt a dicynodont"

using something like \\\[gloss my gloss\\\](https://neonnaut.github.io/), it's way easier to parse.

6. Your language seems to have a 1-1 syntax correspondence with English, sans the fact that future tense is an affix. You might want to start adding things like clusivity and shaking up the word order.

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MY REPLY :

Thank-you. Replies to your replies, with many further insights by me :

1. I'm using the word "dinosaur" in a less technical amd more vernacular manner.

2. I might do this.

(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

3. Okay. But this is also my maybe first or second-since-2020 presentation of my 2014 decipherment of the 1974 Land of the Lost kids TV show's conlang, Pakuni, the first conlang on TV or in movies, of which Klingon is a 1980s imitation. Nobody deciphered it and got it online before me. Which all imitated the 1970s American pop culture phenomenon of Lord of the Rings books which I recently read about on the Quora website.

They hired UCLA Linguistics Professor Victoria Fromkin to make the language and it's very simple yet has some neat features, notably speech errors discovered by me and also homorganic nasals mentioned by her in 1974 interviews.

I see this conlang as World Heritage that should be available to all for free.

I have a link to the webpage about new Pakuni language dinosaur names by me and a link to the homepage and links list of my websites. However, I thought I'd also share also core links presenting Fromkin's 1974 Pakuni language because I might never otherwise get the opportunity.

I thought this selection was sufficient.

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Tulane University Mayanologist and Linguistics (?) Professor Marc Zender told me around 2018 that he deciphered the Pakuni language in maybe the 1990s but never got his decipherment published nor free online, nor has he since. He seemed maybe believable to me.

Minor Esperantist Thomas Alexander in 2018 published a decipherment contribution in the Language Creation Society online magazine but I remember it being not a full decipherment at all and rather unskilled. He told me he had made it some years before 2018, if I remember now 8 years hence.

Nels Olsen has had a website (Pop Apostle) extensive decipherment contribution that I maybe referenced but I remember it was not very well done and that my decipherment and interlinear glossed corpus far exceeded his decipherment contribution. Nels Olsen maybe made that webpage decipherment contribution in 2002 or so, I forget offhand.

I have read of a few other efforts to document and decipher the 1974 to 1976 Pakuni language, and probably there were thousands or millions over the years. But without professional Language Scientist skills, only me and maybe Zender certainly accomplished much.

))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))

I have much studied, since 2006, the 1800s AD and 1900s AD and other decipherments of ancient languages and they also faced most tragic and ignorant resistance, as have I over the years. Thus is progress always opposed by the careless and jealous and pathetically mediocre and tyrannical (power-mad, bad with power), resulting in various manifestations of incompetence throughout society and all history.

Fortunately, the past 20 years I have been a good decipherer of famous movie and TV conlangs and kindly collected and encouraged and helped decipherment contributions and accounts of their study from all over the world. But mostly for 2001 Marc Okrand Atlantean language as there's been almost no interest anywhere in the Pakuni language though people about 50 now in the USA almost all remember the show fondly. And so movie (and all other) conlangs become long-forgotten and never-deciphered if discouragers have their way. Between 2014 and 2026, I likewise discovered pseudo?-conlangs in the 1930s King Kong and HG Haggard s She movies ---- King Kong is a very famous movie yet nobody talks about its conlangs anywhere online nor in the academic nor non academic literature so far as I know. These movies and the pseudo conlangs of the Tarzan and Edgar Rice Burroughs science fiction and fantasy books of 1905 to the 1970s not doubt inspired Oxford Professor JRR Tolkien and the less-known U Wisconsin at Madison Professor MAR Barker.

( I really suspect that MAR Barker was otherwise a most notable jolly prankster though it is possible he actually made some significant errors in grim folkloric matters. I actually know his work well as I am 1 of 5 experts worldwide in the Klamath and Modoc languages of north California and Oregon, which he deciphered for his PhD from UC Berkeley, USA's best university, in the 1960s. If he actually did any wrong, it is a special heartbreak to myself yet seems often presented out of historic context. )

Many major movie conlang decipherments have been accomplished by skilled fans since 2001 of which I was not involved, happily, though I did study them afterward. I am now deciphering the 2018 and 2020 David Peterson Yulish conlang, a lesser and more family-friendly media- JRR Tolkien conlangs imitation or comparable of his, alongside and dwarfed by his Game of Thrones TV series conlangs Dothraki and High Valyrian and its logographic writing system of further sub-typology forgotten by me. Maybe I remember that it is like Egyptian Hieroglyphic writing but syllabic, probably like Hittite Hieroglyphic and lacking in 5 or so sign alternatives per CV syllabogram value, instead having a mere 1 alternative.

Otherwise, I thought this selection sufficient for my time and energy and the expectations and requirements of this and other Reddit groups.

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4. These are link numbers from when these links are listed chronologically instead of typologically. This is probably explained on my website homepage.

Homepage and links page of my two major websites:

"Any Language at All" and "Navi Dothraki" :

Blog / Website Link:

http://anylanguageatall411.blogspot.com/2015/04/guide-to-any-language-at-all-website.html?view=flipcard

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5. I read the group requirements and thought the post glossed the words and samples sufficiently.

If I remember:

"Today, we will ))gill(( a dicynodont dinosaur."

INO-EGUGA this-day, noun

MENI we / 1.PL, pronoun

KO-GA Future-))gill((, verb

INEBI\\\*\\\* a dicynodont dinosaur, noun

SAWO-SA\\\* Hunter's taboo -Adj

MEBU\\\*. Plan, sentence-final particle?

: Pakuni is pronounced like Spanish or Classical Latin yet without short vowels.

: Where grammatical or odd glosses are capitalized.

: Where )) (( surrounds a euphemism. The intended word rhymes with gill but is more like krill without the R or the word \\\*LLI\\\_K spelled bacwards with the inserted \\\_ removed.

I prefer to gloss it this way if possible because it saves me time and is easier and makes it clearer which word is which.

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6. :) If I remember, famous and prolific UCLA Professor Linfuistics Victoria Fromkin made this language simple like this, even without the sentence-final particles I added. If I remember, it's a mix of English and the Kwa branch of languages related to Akan in West Africa. It seems she chose these as she was recently studying them but there also might be something more to it, like agreeable or disagreeable social commentary. You d have to study Victoria Fromkin and her era and peers as I have. Nigeria in West Africa also notably has the largest population of any African country.

Alas, she herself reflects an era (on-going in many ways and in certain persons) where conlangs in TV or movies were treated with about as much respect and seriousness and Social Justice as non-English languages and peoples were treated, or the teaching and accessibility of these languages for study in the USA or outside. This all follows on, and is often very tragically ignorant of, 1800s global policies and ideas.

So she made a simplified version of the major Akan language of Ghana in West Africa but she never published nor put online its grammar and dictionary, nor published it before the Internet, nor sent copies of it to universities. She also said very little about the language in interviews. This was her big opportnuity to educate the fascinated American public and she locked it away in Academia, in her own Ivory Tower, chained up in a building owned by the State Government of California and inaccessible to the public and beyond the reasonable objections of citizens of the United States of America. And without sufficient oversight regarding morality or responsibility and without normal human community checks against mishandling.

Which is Cosmically fitting in some notable ways.

I am certain The Puritan Fathers of Massachusetts would be most pleased to see what has become of their grand project..

But I seek for the freedom of the Pakuni language and all captives and individuals like it, like California's own Britney Spears.

Yet you also have to see the Pakuni language and "her other experiments" from her perspective and that of her Greatest Generation peers. She herself did a lot toward making all languages more accessible otherwise, as did UCLA from c 1955 to 1999. But at what price?

She clearly saw the Pakuni language not like some important dying or ancient-and-rediscovered language but as an unpopular toy, perhaps awaiting outside interest like that of the fan-written book Ruth S. Noel’s The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth (1980) about the invented languages of JRR Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings books.

What did Tolkien do in his lifetime to promote and explain his conlangs (invented languages) ? Almost nothing. He even called them "a secret vice", though I think jokingly and detached from best modern serious approaches to obscure foreign languages and World Heritage, public education, Public Safety, and Social Justice, and science.

Was he otherwise concerned to make Old English and Middle English and Latin writings more accessible to the masses and the everyperson? Professors usually aren't but regretted it especially 2020 to 2023, though they blamed everyone but themselves. At least now we know how the world finally ended.

How long would it have taken JRR Tolkien to write out a complete explanation and interlinear gloss of his conlangs? 7 days, 6 days? And then publish or distribute it? Or hoard and sell to the highest bidder, or make painfully inaccessible to most people via 1800s saloo-like nightmarish internet communities that davridnglyy chase most people off in a most inhumane manner?

(Typos above: "daringly" and "saloon" were what I would have much preferred at the time. )

UCLA is in or next to Beverly Hills USA, perhaps near or comparable to metro Los Angeles USA. Beverly Hills and Manhattan are the two richest city sections in the USA. No doubt they kept Professor Victoria Fromkin, her husband, and their only son busy. But she was a state government employee mostly serving America's richest, not the teeming 350 million watching Land of the Lost on TV from 1974 to 1976. Linguistics is also a very new and small and underfunded and ignorantly stigmatized academic discipline and while it has always had mostly women professors, most of Academia really hasn't and still sounds especially unwelcoming to women academics.

Yet I have been among few language scientists to give such famous TV and movie conlangs skilled and competent attention. And I have done this to promote science and the study of all obscure foreign languages by anyone, within reason. Yet there has also necessarily been an appropriate limit the past 20 years to my time spent on any conlang. I too mostly study real languages and also advocate that as the best way to conlang or grow in advanced knowledge of Language Science and the comparative study of foreign languages: popular, important, less important, and or obscure and exotic; worrying, unfairly stigmatized or otherwise oppressed.

I can handle and make the most complex languages and writing systems, actually. I'm an independent scholar of 20 years of Language Science whose # 1 top specialty is the comparative study of all 50 or so logographic writing systems, of which I'm pioneering by light-years, far beyond any professor I know of. But I have studied and understood tons of reference grammars by top language scientists on tons of languages.

My conlangs and conscripts are ultra-complex because I pour into them the vast knowledge and experience studying languages and writing systems I have from 20 years. And I explain such ultra-complexities in notes, as for this Pakuni sample from 2018.

Yet I think my conlangs often appear and conscripts often appear ignorant to people with PhD's in Linguistics and my specialties and knowledge. How many conlangers are fluent in reading 20 languages and really experienced working a lot with at least 50 Non-Indo-European languages AND really know Linguistics like the best professors?

If conlangers aren t impressed with my conlangs, it s usually because it went right over their head. It's been like this for me most of 20 years since I started getting my BA Linguistics.

I am proud of the complexity and ingenuity of the Star Trek Ferengi language that I created some years ago, though. It didn't impress via noun incorporation nor Obviation markers nor baffling Tangut agreement pronouns, but instead something maybe-possible resembling the phenomenal sequential noun-case suffix reverse-order grammatical phrase -exterior stacking in Sumerian from Babylon, Old Nubian from The Sudan, and Meroitic from The Sudan. Something "delightfully devilish" to baffle the boffins.

"We been spending most our lives /

living in a Xena-grammarian's paradise."

My conlang work is also often with famous movie or TV conlangs that are simple. I do spice them up some.

My conlang work is scientific experimentation for me but also satire and commentary and art for me and also everybody.

One major point of my Pakuni language expansion (Neo-Pakuni) work was that English and international Latin and Greek word part -based dinosaur names are long and klunky and increasingly non- Latin and Greek. Like modern medical terminology, a sloppy quasi-conlang product of a bygone 1800s era (and errata) upon whose misuses and misspellings and confusions our very lives depend, much like their modern professional malpracticers.

Using Pakuni, I made new dinosaur names of far shorter length. Are they easier for English speakers to confuse, though? They seem easier to spell.