r/byzantium

Image 1 — Julian, the Last Pagan Emperor of Rome — Dying Before a Silent God
Image 2 — Julian, the Last Pagan Emperor of Rome — Dying Before a Silent God
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Julian, the Last Pagan Emperor of Rome — Dying Before a Silent God

I wanted to portray Julian the Apostate not just as an emperor, but as a man caught between fading gods and a rising faith.

As a nephew of Constantine the Great, Julian grew up in a world already transformed by Christianity. Yet he turned instead toward the old traditions — Greek philosophy, Neoplatonism, and the worship of the ancient gods like Jupiter and Helios.

Before becoming emperor, he was already something rare in Roman history: a ruler shaped by philosophy as much as by war. He studied under Neoplatonist teachers, wrote extensively, and later attempted to systematically restore pagan worship across the empire.

At the same time, he was also a capable general. His campaigns in Gaul earned him loyalty from his troops and a reputation for discipline and personal austerity. Unlike many emperors, he fought alongside his soldiers.

But his final campaign against Persia ended in disaster. Severely wounded during the retreat, Julian died in 363 at the age of 32.

According to later sources, his final words were:
“You have won, Galilean.”

In this pixel piece, I chose not to depict the battlefield.

Instead, I imagined him in his final moments — reaching a ruined temple, standing before a broken statue whose face has been erased.

Not knowing whether the god before him was of thunder, sea, or earth, he questions them.

And receives no answer.

The shattered statue, the missing head, and the empty light are meant to reflect not just physical destruction, but the collapse of a belief system.

This is not only about death —
but about a man witnessing the silence of the gods he believed in.

u/No_Bee_7194 — 14 hours ago
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Can you say anything good about Andronikos I Komnenos?

Andronikos I Komnenos is often considered as one of the worst emperors of the Byzantine Empire and a terrible person. Almost every time he's mentioned, it's in a negative light. While this is deserved, let's change that for a moment. What good could you say about him? Whether it concerns his actions, his intentions, or anything else?

u/Choctrone — 7 hours ago
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Who is your Digenis Akritis aka Super Hero in ERE and why?

Digenes Akritas (Διγενής Ακρίτας) is one of the only surviving epic poems from the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire. It tells the story of the titular character, Basileios, dubbed Digenes Akritas, meaning “two-blood border lord.” believed to be a mix of Greek and Arab descents.

In this epic poem he fearlessly slays dragons, kills beasts, faces wild lions and snakes, yet triumphs over them all with his bare hands and his sharp wit. Maximou, a dashingly beautiful Queen of Amazons fell in love with his beauty and strenght and loses her mind when he didnt reply her love.

Smart, courageous and prince-charming Digenes fights over thousands of enemies at once, no one stands over his might and godly power. Even he wrestles neck to neck death personifed as Charon or Thanatos that almost about to win over. He passes hills, lands and rivers only in a one eye blink.

So if you would choose a Digenes Akritas, a super hero from the history of ERE, who would be this and why?

Image Credits: Dimitrios Skourtelis art of Digenes Akritas.

u/lastmonday07 — 19 hours ago

Unlike what many people think, the use of "emperor of the Greeks" by the Latins did not completely replace the title "emperor of the Romans"; both could be used and actually were used together

After reading some parts of the Council of Florence, I found the ways the papal Latins referred to the Eastern emperor interesting and even a bit intriguing

In the first mention, in session 3, John is clearly called emperor of the Greeks: "Those on whom the power of choosing the place devolved, passed a decree which was accepted by the ambassadors of our most dear son in Christ John, emperor of the Greeks, and of our venerable brother Joseph, patriarch of Constantinople."
But by session 4, the Latins already use a friendlier title: "Finally, our most dear son John Palacologus, emperor of the Romans, together with our venerable brother Joseph." Session 6 even adds a little more: "Eugenius, bishop, servant of the servants of God, for an everlasting record. With the agreement of our most dear son John Palaeologus, illustrious emperor of the Romans."

It gets even more curious in session 19: "Also that the emperor of the Greeks and their church shall have due honour, that is to say, what it had when the present schism began, always saving the rights, honours, privileges and dignities of the supreme pontiff and the Roman church and the emperor of the Romans." Not only are both titles used for the emperor, but they appear in the exact same sentence!

The title the Latins used was not exactly the same as the one they gave to the German emperor. In Eugenius IV’s letter to John VIII, he addresses the emperor as "Paleologo Romeorum imperatore" which is slightly different from the classical title that used "romanorum". Even so, this difference seems to exist only in Latin, since the official Italian translation of the letter made by the Vatican simplifies the title to "Imperatore dei Romani", which is the same title used for figures like Barbarossa or Charlemagne

Sources:

The Council of Florence: https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/ecumenical-council-of-florence-1438-1445-1461

Bulla Laetentur Caeli to John VIII Palaiologos: https://www.vatican.va/content/eugenius-iv/la/documents/bulla-laetentur-caeli-6-iulii-1439.html

u/OrthoOfLisieux — 15 hours ago

6th of April, 1453. The Last Light of Rome flickers.

On 6 April 1453, Mehmed II’s army arrived before Constantinople and began the formal siege. The Ottomans had spent months preparing and assembling a large force of Turks, other Anatolians, and tributary troops from Bulgaria and Serbia to name but two. As well as that, they brought heavy artillery, including the bombards cast by Orban. These were positioned against the land walls, particularly near the Gate of St. Romanus, where the main effort would fall. This was on top of earlier preparatory work including the gathering of a substantial fleet and the construction of the "Throat Cutter"; the Rumeli Hissar.

Inside the city, Constantine XI Palaiologos commanded a much smaller defending force. Alongside Byzantine troops were Genoese under Giustiniani and other volunteers. In total, the defenders likely numbered fewer than 10,000. The opening phase of the Siege of Constantinople was not defined by immediate assault, but by sustained bombardment and pressure. The walls held but the nature of the threat had changed.

From this point on, it became a matter of endurance.

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u/Akritoi — 23 hours ago

Alexios' V death

Why was Alexios V executed by being thrown off from the column of Theodosius instead of a “normal” execution? I remember reading an article on this topic that included quotes from the Latins at the time, but I can’t seem to find it anywhere. If anyone could clarify this and provide the citations or sources, I would really appreciate it.

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u/Adept-Vegetable-3490 — 13 hours ago
Week