Conscious Recognition; Bottom-Up or Top-Down?
For the brain to “recognize” patterns in an image, it must spontaneously break the translation and rotation symmetry in its neural response functions; in other words, recognition requires taking a preferential perspective. As shown by Fumarola et al, this symmetry-breaking is primarily driven by competitive long-range interactions emerging via Hebbian learning. https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.12.031024. Essentially, you do not consciously recognize something until unconscious competition in visual processing determines which patterns are and are not relevant. In this sense, we don’t really have a “choice” in the contents of our conscious awareness. If you are shown a picture of a dancer, you can’t choose whether or not you recognize it.
But what happens when the subject of recognition exhibits the same symmetries as our neural response functions, namely rotational symmetry? I’m sure all of you have seen the optical illusion of the dancer spinning, where she can appear to be spinning left or right depending on the individual person viewing it. Most of the time we can still chalk this up to bottom-up recognition; some people’s unconscious spontaneously break left vs right, etc. But many people (myself included) are capable of consciously choosing which direction they recognize the dancer as spinning. In this sense, the way in which the symmetry is broken feels directly related to conscious choice. This seems banal, but to me has very deep implications for the nature of consciousness and potentially free-will. If “conscious will” can be shown, under certain externally under-defined circumstances (subject of evaluation exhibits the same symmetry as response functions), to exert an actual causal influence on the brain’s functional connectivity, we know that consciousness is not a silent observer. I wrote something a long time ago about the potential relationship between spontaneous symmetry breaking and free will, but this specific example seems to make it a bit more observably concrete for me. https://www.reddit.com/r/consciousness/s/RZ1WDmGeYE