u/Cautious_Cabinet_623

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The most misunderstood math theorem

The usual interpretation of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem is that preferential voting systems which always give result are either manipulation or dictatorship. We hear it every single time a voting reform is suggested. And there are huge problems with that interpretation.

The red flag is the silent part. The "which always give result" is usually omitted, or mentally skipped over. And exactly this is which tells us a very important thing: voting is just a part of the social decision process. When deliberation is not enough, voting won't magically fill up the gaps. So the right interpretation is:

If the voting system cannot signal that more deliberation is needed, it can lead to manipulation and dictatorship.

To understand how it works, let's take a look at the only major voting system which does not yield result in all cases: Condorcet. When there are intransitive preferences, there is no Condorcet winner. What does is actually mean?

The Condorcet loop is often illustrated with the three city problem: there are three cities, each with a given distance from each other, and with a given population. People vote to choose a capital. Everyone's first choice is their own city, and second choice is the closest one. If the numbers are constructed the right way, there will be a Condorcet loop. Here we assume that the overriding need of the voters are minimal travel, and they are voting in full awareness of their needs. Well, if the minimal travel is such an overriding need, then the obvious way to minimize Bayesian regret is to build a new capital in the center of mass (in respect to population count) of the area. Put it on the ballot, and you break the Condorcet cycle. The right choice was missing from the ballot, and a bit of deliberation would have uncovered it.

A real-world example of a Condorcet cycle is related to Brexit. ( https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2019/01/10/deal-remain-no-deal-deal-brexit-and-the-condorcet-paradox/ )
There was a condorcet loop between Deal, Remain and No Deal. Brexit is a famous example where voters were not initially aware of the consequences of their vote. Some deliberation would have helped them to get the full picture.

u/Cautious_Cabinet_623 — 4 days ago

How many people suffered to make Rammstein possible?

I respect all people who have been using the German language. This suffering through a long row of generations just to make Rammstein possible is a really awesome undertaking.

But how many people are we talking about? As I understand the germanic language have evolved from Indo-European a long time ago, culminating in Rammstein. In this evolution other languages branched off, which I consider as collateral damage, along with those who learned any of those languages. For example half of the world who speaks English as a foreign language. This clearly shows how big an undertaking was to materialize Rammstein.

(Did you know why Skipper of Penguins of Madagascar cannot set foot in Danmark? He told a dane that their language is quite similar to German.)

reddit.com
u/Cautious_Cabinet_623 — 10 days ago