How to avoid "sham search" positions when applying to PhD positions in EU
I hear in EU a lot of publicly posted PhD positions are already informally filled my a candidiate the PI knows well. The public posting is only for compliance with the labor law which says something like positions funded by public money must go through a public recruitment proccess.
How do international applicants avoid wasting time on applying to those " sham search "positions, judging from aspects like the wording in the job post or the response from PI in cold emailing?