u/Short_Management7062

Just 10-12 days away from the test...I'm so worried about the DBQ..Can anyone grade my dbq pls? Ill appreciate itt

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1II-zHMBafAiCIlDPW9hCYs_r8NTPaxt8k0SWgcskhnA/edit?usp=sharing This is the link to the DBQ.

Prior to the period 1750 to 1900, countries around the world were largely based on belief systems like Christianity and Islam, as many leaders legitimized and consolidated their ruling through christianity and islam, using divine rights of kings and islamic code laws like the sharia law. However, over time, people started to prioritize reasons over religion, as many started to question the power of religion through events like protestant reformation, ultimately leading to the emergence of enlighenment ideals in the 1700s. To a great extent, the enlightment thoughts continued to influence political debates about government reform and social debates about class hierarchies.

Additional evidence beyond the documents can be when enlightenment thought influenced how american colonies, total of 13, reacted towards England's control over the tea industry alongside other sectors both economically and politically. Following the enlightment ideals from John Locke that humans possess inalienable rights of life, libery, and property, americans revolted towards England's oppressive actions and successfully protected their own natural rights, declaring independence officially in 1775. American revolution therefore exemplifies how enlightenment thought triggered dissents from americans towards England's influence, influencing americans' social and political debate for independence.

The enlightenment thoughts continued to influence political debates by bringing out different opinons on reform. One example is Edmund's pamphlet of reflections on the revolution in france (document 1). In the pamphlet, Edmund clearly disagrees with the ideas of enlightenment carried out by the third estate in France by arguing that turning away from the gods is an immoral act and therefore should preserve our native traditioins. This supports the idea how the influence of enlightenment ideals on revolutions around the world had brought out some political officials like Edward to completely discredit the rationales for reform. Here, the point of view of the pamphlet is a british political theorist, one of the high classes in the parliament. Therefore, Edward undermines the difficulties of those who lack representation, preventing him from fully empathizing with the rationales that led citizens in France to engage in a revolution.

Another example is Zhang Zhidong's book exhortation to study in 1989 (document 6). Here, Zhidong explains that the ruling of the qing dynasty is humane and not oppressive, therefore resisting the introduction of western ideas about reform into China. Despite a lot of corruptions both internally and externally happening in the qing dynasty, the staunch attitude of Zhidong to maintain the social stratification of confucianism demonstrates how some responded to the enlightenment ideas with resistance to reform. The historical situation of the document is when China was struggling from spheres of influence after significant losses in opium wars and an internal rebellion. Therefore, as a high social elite involved in deep confucian ideals every day, Zhidong was bound to xenophobic ideals and therefore would have exaggerated the greatness of the qing's ruling by saying reform ideas are not necessary since qing's laws are not oppressive.

The enlightenment thoughts continued to influence social debates by providing them good rationales for modernization and industrialization. One example is an ottoman journalist's article in document 5. Here, Sami illustrates the need for modernization and claims that the classic islamic civilization is not enough, citing the impact of enlightenment in European civilization as an argument. Sami's emphasis on the reform ideas of ottoman empire led by the young turks demonstrate how enlightenment thoughts contributed to social debates by providing supporters of reform good rationales to argue with.

Another example is Leopold's book of lectures on jewish workship (document 2). Here, Zunz explains how emancipation of the jews moves forward with the legal freedoms driven by enlightenment ideas. The way how enlightenment ideas, stressing the natural rights of men, contributed to extending rights to jewish subjects in Germany and shaped the long standing anti-semitism sentiment further highlights how enlightenment thoughts influenced social debates by providing firm reasons to grant equal rights upon different races. However, the intended audience of the book is those situated in Berlin, Germany. Therefore, the author could have exaggerated the positivity and the extent of the changes made to the jews to avoid any negative consequences from the Germans.

Final example is the french magazine showing famous woman suffrage activist in an attack of the "bastille of the rights of man". Here, the women are portrayed as warriors that are attacking the castle that reads "bastille of the rights of man". The fact how the rights of men are portrayed as staunch castles portrays how womens' fight for suffrages were mainly futile. This supports the claim how enlightenment ideals influenced social debates by providing rationales for reform, in this case demand for women's rights, facilitating their suffrage movements. The intended audience of this poster is the regular society in France. Therefore, the author highlighted the efforts done by the women to rally support for actions for justice towrads the french government.

prompt: In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, Europeans used previously existing technologies and new technologies to engage in voyages of discovery. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which European overseas expansion in this period relied on previously existing technologies and new technologies.

Prior to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, europe was mainly shaped by feudalism and many of the countries were only engaged in the exchanges facilitated by the silkroad through the straight of dardenelles. However, as they slowly came out from the middle ages, new changes took place, mainly the outlook for new trade routes and discovery overseas, therefore facilitating the adaption and innovation of maritime technologies.

To a great extent, while there were multiple factors like the fall of Constantinople and therefore increasing need for alternative trade routes that played a huge role in European overseas expansion during the late 1400s to early 1500s, many European countries relied on previously existing technologies and innovative technologies to reach destinations like the New world, Africa, and regions along the indian ocean trade.

European overseas expansion in this period relied on previously existing technologies like magnetic compasses and astrolabes to support the journey for spices and power. These technologies helped Portuguese travelers like Diaz, Gama, and Cabral explore safely and efficiently along the Indian ocean trade routes to reach India and get spices. Therefore, in this era of overseas exploration, Portugal gained major economic and global power as they controlled vast regions in the Indian ocean trade by setting up huge trade post empires along the coastlines of Africa and Afro-Eurasia. The fact that this expansion of power over Indian ocean trade was largely supported by existing technologies like magnetic compasses and astrolabes consolidates the extent to which they contributed to the voyages of discovery.

European overseas expansion in this period relied on new technologies like caravels and carracks to reach the new world, americas, and Africa for slave trade. One example is when Columbus used caravels to explore the sea and discovered the new world located in current day America. Spain, at the time around the 1490s, was on the verge of winning the muslims in their territory, about to end the spanish reconquista. Therefore, just like how its neighbor country, Portugal, led a state-sponsored exploration over the seas, rulers Ferdinand and Isabelle also sponsored exploration along the seas, which was led by Columbus. While their main goal was to find India's spices that were highly commercial back then, Columbus had unintentionally landed at a new land that was not known to anyone in the eastern hemisphere. This journey of Columbus to a new world relied on the newly developed caravels, as it helped the crew fight off the strong winds and unpredictable nature of the atlantics. By going through this journey, Spain set new colonies in the new world mainly for crash-crop plantations and silvermining that granted them major economic power and prominence in the international trade market, effectively proving how new technologies supported European expansion overseas.

Another example is when these technologies were used to facilitate travel along the coastlines of Africa. While interacting with the African countries was done actively even before the invention of new ship designs like caravels or carracks, these newly designed ships facilitated safe travel along the African coastlines that are sometimes hard to sail along. In response to Columbus's new discovery of the Americas in 1492, trade between Africa, Americas, and the European countries had increased to a great extent. In order to send Africans from countries like Ashante and Kingdom of Kongo to the new world for labor in plantations or silver mining in peru, potosi, where 95% of silver was extracted from, seamless travel was important. This important exchange was facilitated by new technologies as caravels and carracks helped people navigate through the sea more effectively and efficiently, as the technologies were exclusively built to suit the volatile winds and storms in the ocean. And therefore, thanks to this trans-atlantic trade, countries like Spain, Portugal, France, and Britain were more actively engaged in spreading their influence across the new world, demonstrating how European overseas expansion relied on new technologies.

However, while it is true that technologies have played a significant role in shaping European countries' overseas expansion in the new world, the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and therefore the increasing need for European countries to look for alternative routes of trading spices have also pushed and set the stage for european countries overseas expansion. During that time, the ottoman empire had defeated the byzantines with powerful gunpowder weapons like cannons and muskets. As a result, Mehmet II, the caliph of the Ottomans, was in charge of controlling the trade chokepoint that situated within the Byzantine empire. With new control over an important trading location, the ottomans increased the tax for the transportation of any goods that happened there, and the consequence was not in the favor of European countries who originally received spices through that route. Therefore, state led explorations along the grand sea took place in search of a new, financially manageable trading route, ultimately motivating Spain and Portugal's development of new technologies, explorations, and eventually their expansion over the sea with those new inventions. This story of European countries looking for new trade routes reveals that the state-led explorations also constituted factors other than the existence of maritime technologies.

History teachers, tutors, whoever can you please help me with dbq?

I am beggining.. Can somebody look at my leq and grade it? My teacher literally sucks so I need some y'alls help