It mostly comes down to how the surface feels at a tiny level. Smooth pillowcases have fewer bumps and loose fibers, so your skin can glide over them instead of catching. When the surface is rough or has more texture, it creates resistance, and your skin kind of drags across it while you move in your sleep.
I’ve tried a bunch of fabrics over time, and the difference is pretty obvious. Tighter weaves feel slicker because the threads are packed closer together. That leaves less space for your skin to sink into. Looser or more textured weaves grab onto your skin more, especially if you toss and turn a lot.
Moisture also plays into it. If your face gets a bit sweaty overnight, rough fabrics can stick more, which increases friction even more. Smooth ones don’t grip as much, so there’s less pulling on your skin.
Another thing is how the fabric interacts with oils. Some materials absorb oils quickly and get a bit rougher as the night goes on. Others stay more consistent, so the surface keeps that glide feeling.
From what I’ve seen, it’s not magic or anything. It’s just basic surface contact. Less texture means less resistance, and that usually means less friction on your skin while you sleep.