Apparently, I was able to schedule and complete a call with Apple Customer Support.
Here’s what I’ve done so far: I entered my credit card details, which means my personal information (including age) is now recorded in Apple’s system. After that, I downloaded two apps from the App Store.
When I opened an app that requires age verification, I tapped “Continue,” and the verification went through successfully.
Take note: this does not work instantly. After entering your credit card information, you need to wait—typically several hours or even overnight—for Apple’s servers to fully process and reflect the data in their system. Only after this delay does the age verification start working properly.
So, the process works on my MacBook M5, and it should also work on iOS or iPadOS devices.
Based on this, the issue appears to be within Apple’s internal system rather than the device itself.