u/Agreeable_Lawyer5924

Estonia_MN_CCC = Estonia Middle Neolithic Comb Ceramic Culture- they were Baltic Hunter Gatherers who are a mix of WHG and EHG.

Pitted Ware Culture = they were the last hunter gatherers in Scandinavia and are a mix of WHG+EHG with some Neolithic Farmer that they likely received from Funnelbeakers.

Mesolithic_Veretye are EHG samples from Russia.

I specifically choose ancient SHG, BHG, EHG individual samples instead of the average so that one can see the variation in genetic distances and the closest samples to modern day individuals.

Norway_LN_BA_SG:VK531 was an individual from Late Neolithic to Bronze Age era Norway around 2400 BC. What's ununsual was that despite living at a much later date, he was genetically identical to Norwegian Hunter Gatherers and very different from others in his time era who are more Corded Ware or Farmer influenced.

It's fascinating that Finns/other Finnics including Karelians, Vepsians, Estonians, Balts, Northwest Russians from Pskov and some regions in Arkhangelsk are genetically much closer to Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers e.g. Norway Mesolithic HGs, Swedish Mesolithic and Pitted Ware than to modern Scandinavians and most other Europeans.

The last two pages in the OP show the distance of Iberomaurusians, Satsurblia (CHG) and the closest modern populations to them as comparisons for the genetic distances between these Mesolithic European HGs and modern NE Europeans.

Also what's really remarkable is how relatively close Estonia Comb Ceramic HG Tamula1 individual and EHG Mesolithic_Veretye:KHV001 individual is to modern Finnics, Balts, Northwest Russians in the distance of 0.11-0.12. That might be distant but for Mesolithic era continuity to modern day, that's pretty remarkable. Compare this with Iberomaurusians, whose closest modern groups are Tuaregs and Shilha Berbers who score 40-45% IBM, but with distances of 0.19-0.21 from them.

But overall it looks like modern NE Europeans are closest to ancient SHGs, BHGs, EHGs and WHGs, more than other population in Europe.

And it looks like Finns/Finnics, Balts, Northwest Russians have the highest Mesolithic European Hunter Gatherer ancestry among Europeans, in the 55-60%+ range of their autosomal DNA. They also have one of the highest WHG in the world in the range of 30-40% depending on the WHG samples (Loschbour, Ertebolle, Syltholm, Iron Gates or Narva) utilized to model them in Farmer and HG G25 Breakdowns.

Thoughts? Any surprises?

Estonia_MN_CCC = Estonia Middle Neolithic Comb Ceramic Culture- they were Baltic Hunter Gatherers who are a mix of WHG and EHG.

Pitted Ware Culture = they were the last hunter gatherers in Scandinavia and are a mix of WHG+EHG with some Neolithic Farmer that they likely received from Funnelbeakers.

Mesolithic_Veretye are EHG samples from Russia.

I specifically choose ancient SHG, BHG, EHG individual samples instead of the average so that one can see the variation in genetic distances and the closest samples to modern day individuals.

Norway_LN_BA_SG:VK531 was an individual from Late Neolithic to Bronze Age era Norway around 2400 BC. What's ununsual was that despite living at a much later date, he was genetically identical to Norwegian Hunter Gatherers and very different from others in his time era who are more Corded Ware or Farmer influenced.

It's fascinating that Finns/other Finnics including Karelians, Vepsians, Estonians, Balts, Northwest Russians from Pskov and some regions in Arkhangelsk are genetically much closer to Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers e.g. Norway Mesolithic HGs, Swedish Mesolithic and Pitted Ware than to modern Scandinavians and most other Europeans.

Also what's really remarkable is how relatively close Estonia Comb Ceramic HG Tamula1 individual and EHG Mesolithic_Veretye:KHV001 individual is to modern Finnics, Balts, Northwest Russians in the distance of 0.11-0.12. That might be distant but for Mesolithic era continuity to modern day, that's pretty remarkable. Compare this with Iberomaurusians, whose closest modern groups are Tuaregs and Shilha Berbers who score 40-45% IBM, but with distances of 0.19-0.21 from them.

But overall it looks like modern NE Europeans are closest to ancient SHGs, BHGs, EHGs and WHGs, more than other population in Europe.

And it looks like Finns/Finnics, Balts, Northwest Russians have the highest Mesolithic European Hunter Gatherer ancestry among Europeans, in the 55-60%+ range of their autosomal DNA. They also have one of the highest WHG in the world in the range of 30-40% depending on the WHG samples (Loschbour, Ertebolle, Syltholm, Iron Gates or Narva) utilized to model them in Farmer and HG G25 Breakdowns.

Thoughts? Any surprises?

Estonia_MN_CCC = Estonia Middle Neolithic Comb Ceramic Culture- they were Baltic Hunter Gatherers who are a mix of WHG and EHG.

Pitted Ware Culture = they were the last hunter gatherers in Scandinavia and are a mix of WHG+EHG with some Farmer that they likely received from Funnelbeakers.

Mesolithic_Veretye are EHG samples from Russia.

I specifically choose ancient SHG, BHG, EHG individual samples instead of the average so that one can see the variation in genetic distances and the closest samples to modern day individuals.

Norway_LN_BA_SG:VK531 was an individual from Late Neolithic to Bronze Age era Norway around 2400 BC. What's ununsual was that despite living at a much later date, he was genetically identical to Norwegian Hunter Gatherers and very different from others in his time era who are more Corded Ware or Farmer influenced.

It's fascinating that Finns/other Finnics including Karelians, Vepsians, Estonians, Balts, Northwest Russians from Pskov and some regions in Arkhangelsk are genetically much closer to Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers e.g. Norway Mesolithic HGs, Swedish Mesolithic and Pitted Ware than to modern Scandinavians and most other Europeans.

Also what's really remarkable is how relatively close Estonia Comb Ceramic HG Tamula1 individual and EHG Mesolithic_Veretye:KHV001 individual is to modern Finnics, Balts, Northwest Russians in the distance of 0.11-0.12. That might be distant but for Mesolithic era continuity to modern day, that's pretty remarkable. Compare this with Iberomaurusians, whose closest modern groups are Tuaregs and Shilha Berbers who score 40-45% IBM, but with distances of 0.19-0.21 from them.

But overall it looks like modern NE Europeans are closest to ancient SHG, BHG and EHGs, more than other population in Europe.

Finns/Finnics, Balts, Northwest Russians have the highest Mesolithic European Hunter Gatherer ancestry among Europeans, in the 55-60%+ range of their autosomal DNA. They also have one of the highest WHG in the world in the range of 30-40% depending on the WHG samples (Loschbour, Ertebolle, Syltholm, Iron Gates or Narva) utilized to model them in Farmer and HG G25 Breakdowns.

I noticed most Northern Europeans from British Isles, Scandinavia to Russia score high EHG but relatively low CHG+Zagros. Don't they have 45-50% WSH? What cause such a big discrepancy in the amount of CHG/Iran HG vs amount of Yamnaya/Steppe-related ancestry they score?

Here are some estimations on the amount of CHG in Europeans: this West Eurasia index (go to "without Yamnaya" page), this qpadm data on the HG-Farmer %, this model and another qpadm chart, individual models for English, White Americans from Utah, Russians (two qpadms for generic Russian average and those from Yaroslavl), Finns and Saami estimating the amount of CHG+ZNF inputs.

Based on these models, Northern Europeans seem to score 13-18% combined CHG+Zagrosian-related affinity, except the Saami who have lower, having only 7-10% CHG/ZNF affinity.

Do they really score CHG+ZNF in this range?

Shouldn't the EHG:CHG (and Zagros) ratio in Euros be proportional since Yamnaya/most other Steppe groups are 60% EHG and 40% CHG?

Or is the Western Steppe Pastoralist ancestry in most Europeans much more EHG derived and have lower CHG-Zagros than Yamnaya/Steppe groups proper?

If that's the case why is Yamnaya still used as the standard criteria in measuring the amount of Indo-European DNA in Europeans?

Shouldn't a more EHG shifted Steppe population be utilized for more accuracy?