u/AGcuriousity1998

There appears to be conflicting information on this. Some scholarly sources say "few," others imply that it was the norm for most to be connected to the sewers and therefore be "flushed."

Logically it makes sense for public latrines to be flushed rather than manually emptied, as the sheer number of "users" would make manual emptying inefficient.

The clothing, hairstyles, aesthetics, etc.

I read a paper which said that in the precolonial Middle East, the Quran had its laws and rulings on sodomy, but because of an intrenched homoerotic culture stretching back to "antiquity" (the Romans), the laws and rulings were ignored until European colonialism of the mid-to-late nineteenth century.

The paper also noted that the Mediterranean is a big "homoerotic zone," which explains why late medieval Italy had a strong incentive to create an inquisition to prosecute sodomy in large numbers (whereas Northern Europe had few prosecutions as there was no long-standing homoerotic culture that produced "deviants" to prosecute in the first place).